Stress
A lecturer when explaining stress management to an audience,
raised a glass of water and asked
'How heavy is this glass of water?'
Answers called out ranged from 20g to 500g.
The lecturer replied, 'The absolute weight doesn't matter.
It depends on how long you try to hold it.
If I hold it for a minute, that's not a problem.
If I hold it for an hour, I'll have an ache in my right arm.
If I hold it for a day, you'll have to call an ambulance.
In each case, it's the same weight, but the longer I hold it, the heavier it becomes.'
He continued,
'And that's the way it is with stress management.
If we carry our burdens all the time, sooner or later,
As the burden becomes increasingly heavy,
We won't be able to carry on. '
'As with the glass of water,
You have to put it down for a while and rest before holding it again.
When we're refreshed, we can carry on with the burden.'
'So, before you return home tonight, put the burden of work down.
Don't carry it home. You can pick it up tomorrow.
Whatever burdens you're carrying now,
Let them down for a moment if you can.'
So, my friend, Put down anything that may be a burden to you right now.
Don't pick it up again until after you've rested a while.
Here are some great ways of dealing
with the burdens of life:
* Accept that some days you're the pigeon,
And some days you're the statue.
* Always keep your words soft and sweet,
Just in case you have to eat them.
* Always wear stuff that will make you look good
If you die in the middle of it.
* Drive carefully. It's not only cars that can be
"Recalled" by their maker.
* If you can't be kind, at least have the decency to be vague.
* If you lend someone $20 and never see that person again,
It was probably worth it.
* It may be that your sole purpose in life is simply to be kind to others.
* Never put both feet in your mouth at the same time,
Because then you won't have a leg to stand on.
* Nobody cares if you can't dance well.
Just get up and dance.
* Since it's the early worm that gets eaten by the bird, sleep late.
* The second mouse gets the cheese.
* Birthdays are good for you.
The more you have, the longer you live.
* You may be only one person in the world,
But you may also be the world to one person.
* Some mistakes are too much fun to only make once.
* We could learn a lot from crayons...
Some are sharp, some are pretty and some are dull.
Some have weird names, and all are different colours, but they all have to live in the same box.
*A truly happy person is one who can enjoy the scenery on a detour.
Have an awesome day and know that someone has thought about you today !!
He takes JOY in sharing product knowledge with others. He is passionate about sharing knowledge and also to seamlessly collaborate with SAP SF community members. Long term vision is to use the seed capital for CHARITY purpose. Here’s looking forward to everyone's wishes and support in this initiative. Happy Blogging:)
Sunday, August 15, 2010
10 Ways
10 Ways to Manage Bad Bosses – according to CNN.com
Do you ever think your boss behaves like a child going through the
"terrible twos," throwing tantrums or reverting to a little lost lamb
when in over his or her head?
I call this regression "Terrible Office Tyrant" (TOT) behavior. TOTs
can act like schoolyard bullies afraid to reveal the slightest
incompetence, or like helpless children. They can be fickle, stubborn
or needy or have irrational fears. And they can consume your workday,
not to mention wreak havoc on productivity and profits.
A bad economy, workplace pressures and stress can trigger the many
striking similarities between bad bosses and terrible tykes. We're all
human, and behind a boss's professional facade is often a grown kid
who can't handle his or her power.
When your boss slips into any of the 10 classic TOT behaviors,
including the "bratty" type (overly demanding, stubborn, self-centered
or tantrum-throwing) or the "little lost lamb" variety (fickle or
overly fearful), you can use proven parental techniques and actually
thrive in your job. By seeing the childlike motives behind a boss's
(or co-worker's) actions, you can better manage even the most
difficult situations.
Use C.A.L.M.
The top four tips to keeping your office from being a corporate
playpen are best described by the acronym C.A.L.M.: communicate,
anticipate, laugh and manage up:
1. Communicate
Communicate frequently, openly and honestly. Savvy TOT-tamers take the
initiative to establish an open dialogue. At work, stay aligned with
your boss's objectives rather than focusing on your pet projects, so
that your work remains consistent with what's most critical to
management.
By bravely opening the dialogue, you'll also avoid misunderstandings
with co-workers; other factors may be contributing to an ignored
e-mail or seemingly unfriendly response, such as a tight deadline or
pressure from the boss.
2. Anticipate
Be alert for problems and prepared with solutions. Offer answers to
emerging issues; don't add to the pile of problems if you want to
avoid triggering bad behavior. Your boss wants to delegate as much as
possible -- as long as you make the process worry-free. Know when to
stay away if you expect a tantrum is coming down the hall.
3. Laugh
Use humor, or what I call "the great diffuser" of tension, to break
down interpersonal logjams. Laughter helps create bonds and reminds us
of our larger purpose: to work together with upbeat, constructive
energy. We can and should be able to accomplish great things as a team
at work, while having some fun. Take the initiative to do this and
watch the seething subside.
4. Manage up
Let yourself shine by being a problem-solver and collaborator. You can
be a beacon of positive energy for your boss, co-workers and team.
Part of managing up also means setting limits to bad behavior.
Oftentimes TOTs are unaware of the effect of their actions. You can
influence these actions, and your skills will be transferable to any
job.
Advanced TOT-taming tips
Here are some specifics on how to tame your TOT and humanize your
workplace. Try these time-honored "parenting" techniques:
5. Don't fight fire with fire
If your TOT is tantrum- or bully-prone, mirroring his childish
behavior is a downward spiral. Avoid the temptation to win the battle
and lose the war. Instead, calmly and concisely tell your boss how his
or her actions affected you. Keep a matter-of-fact tone and be
factual. Use "I" statements rather than "you" to avoid an accusatory
demeanor.
6. Use positive and negative reinforcement
When bosses set aside their worst TOT traits, respond with gratitude
and comment on how it inspires you to do your best. Praising positive
actions is a powerful way to foster better behavior. Over time, your
boss will link the better management style with positive employee
morale and results. Remember, if there's something in it for your
boss, you can effect change.
7. Know your timing
Timing can be everything, with a child or an office tyrant. Learn the
best times of day to approach your boss. Study his or her patterns,
mood swings and hot buttons and plan your interactions accordingly. It
can make the difference between a pleasant "yes" and an irrevocable
"no!" If you anticipate problems with solutions, you become
indispensable.
8. Be a role model
Project the highest ethical standards and radiate positive energy.
Maintain a balanced demeanor and approach each crisis (real or
imagined) with a rational style. Your boss often needs a sounding
board and you can be a valued voice of reason and calm when issues
emerge.
9. Package your information well
Some TOTs can be frustrating when they're inattentive or unavailable.
It can seem like a form of corporate ADD, or as I call it, BADD (boss
attention deficit disorder). BADD bosses can't focus on important
tasks and allow e-mails, text messages, phones and people to interrupt
their (and your) flow.
Make sure you understand your boss's ideal communication method,
package your work in an appealing way and make your presentations
engaging and interactive. Make it irresistible for your boss to find
out about your projects.
10. Set boundaries
Let bosses know privately when they've gone over the line, but do so
diplomatically. Keep the conversation focused on your work product. If
your manager is intentionally malicious, that's another matter that
requires more serious action. If, after repeated efforts for
cooperation (such as with a bully boss and unsupportive management),
you may be best off looking elsewhere. You have to determine how much
strife you can handle.
---------------------
By Lynn Taylor
Do you ever think your boss behaves like a child going through the
"terrible twos," throwing tantrums or reverting to a little lost lamb
when in over his or her head?
I call this regression "Terrible Office Tyrant" (TOT) behavior. TOTs
can act like schoolyard bullies afraid to reveal the slightest
incompetence, or like helpless children. They can be fickle, stubborn
or needy or have irrational fears. And they can consume your workday,
not to mention wreak havoc on productivity and profits.
A bad economy, workplace pressures and stress can trigger the many
striking similarities between bad bosses and terrible tykes. We're all
human, and behind a boss's professional facade is often a grown kid
who can't handle his or her power.
When your boss slips into any of the 10 classic TOT behaviors,
including the "bratty" type (overly demanding, stubborn, self-centered
or tantrum-throwing) or the "little lost lamb" variety (fickle or
overly fearful), you can use proven parental techniques and actually
thrive in your job. By seeing the childlike motives behind a boss's
(or co-worker's) actions, you can better manage even the most
difficult situations.
Use C.A.L.M.
The top four tips to keeping your office from being a corporate
playpen are best described by the acronym C.A.L.M.: communicate,
anticipate, laugh and manage up:
1. Communicate
Communicate frequently, openly and honestly. Savvy TOT-tamers take the
initiative to establish an open dialogue. At work, stay aligned with
your boss's objectives rather than focusing on your pet projects, so
that your work remains consistent with what's most critical to
management.
By bravely opening the dialogue, you'll also avoid misunderstandings
with co-workers; other factors may be contributing to an ignored
e-mail or seemingly unfriendly response, such as a tight deadline or
pressure from the boss.
2. Anticipate
Be alert for problems and prepared with solutions. Offer answers to
emerging issues; don't add to the pile of problems if you want to
avoid triggering bad behavior. Your boss wants to delegate as much as
possible -- as long as you make the process worry-free. Know when to
stay away if you expect a tantrum is coming down the hall.
3. Laugh
Use humor, or what I call "the great diffuser" of tension, to break
down interpersonal logjams. Laughter helps create bonds and reminds us
of our larger purpose: to work together with upbeat, constructive
energy. We can and should be able to accomplish great things as a team
at work, while having some fun. Take the initiative to do this and
watch the seething subside.
4. Manage up
Let yourself shine by being a problem-solver and collaborator. You can
be a beacon of positive energy for your boss, co-workers and team.
Part of managing up also means setting limits to bad behavior.
Oftentimes TOTs are unaware of the effect of their actions. You can
influence these actions, and your skills will be transferable to any
job.
Advanced TOT-taming tips
Here are some specifics on how to tame your TOT and humanize your
workplace. Try these time-honored "parenting" techniques:
5. Don't fight fire with fire
If your TOT is tantrum- or bully-prone, mirroring his childish
behavior is a downward spiral. Avoid the temptation to win the battle
and lose the war. Instead, calmly and concisely tell your boss how his
or her actions affected you. Keep a matter-of-fact tone and be
factual. Use "I" statements rather than "you" to avoid an accusatory
demeanor.
6. Use positive and negative reinforcement
When bosses set aside their worst TOT traits, respond with gratitude
and comment on how it inspires you to do your best. Praising positive
actions is a powerful way to foster better behavior. Over time, your
boss will link the better management style with positive employee
morale and results. Remember, if there's something in it for your
boss, you can effect change.
7. Know your timing
Timing can be everything, with a child or an office tyrant. Learn the
best times of day to approach your boss. Study his or her patterns,
mood swings and hot buttons and plan your interactions accordingly. It
can make the difference between a pleasant "yes" and an irrevocable
"no!" If you anticipate problems with solutions, you become
indispensable.
8. Be a role model
Project the highest ethical standards and radiate positive energy.
Maintain a balanced demeanor and approach each crisis (real or
imagined) with a rational style. Your boss often needs a sounding
board and you can be a valued voice of reason and calm when issues
emerge.
9. Package your information well
Some TOTs can be frustrating when they're inattentive or unavailable.
It can seem like a form of corporate ADD, or as I call it, BADD (boss
attention deficit disorder). BADD bosses can't focus on important
tasks and allow e-mails, text messages, phones and people to interrupt
their (and your) flow.
Make sure you understand your boss's ideal communication method,
package your work in an appealing way and make your presentations
engaging and interactive. Make it irresistible for your boss to find
out about your projects.
10. Set boundaries
Let bosses know privately when they've gone over the line, but do so
diplomatically. Keep the conversation focused on your work product. If
your manager is intentionally malicious, that's another matter that
requires more serious action. If, after repeated efforts for
cooperation (such as with a bully boss and unsupportive management),
you may be best off looking elsewhere. You have to determine how much
strife you can handle.
---------------------
By Lynn Taylor
Delivering exceptional customer service
This happened between the customer of General Motors and its Customer-care executive. It teaches us many things: the importance of customer service, the outcome of thinking differently; and the value of deciphering the bizarre!
A complaint was received by the Pontiac Division of General Motors: 'This is the second time I have written to you, and I don't blame you for not answering me, because I sounded crazy, but it is a fact that we have a tradition in our family: ice-Cream for dessert after dinner each night, but the kind of ice cream varies so, every night, after we've eaten, the whole family votes on which kind of ice cream we should have and I drive down to the store to get it. It's also a fact that I recently purchased a new Pontiac and since then my trips to the store have created a problem.
You see, every time I buy a vanilla ice-cream, when I start back from the store my car won't start. If I get any other kind of ice cream, the car starts just fine. I want you to know I'm serious about this question, no matter how silly it sounds "What is there about a Pontiac that makes it not start when I get vanilla ice cream, and easy to start whenever I get any other kind?"
The Pontiac President was understandably sceptical about the letter, but sent an engineer to check it out anyway. The latter was surprised to be greeted by a successful, obviously well educated man in a fine neighbourhood. He had arranged to meet the man just after dinner time, so the two hopped into the car and drove to the ice cream store. It was vanilla ice cream that night and, sure enough, after they came back to the car, it wouldn't start.
The engineer returned for three more nights. The first night, they got chocolate. The car started. The second night, he got strawberry. The car started. The third night he ordered vanilla. The car failed to start.
Now the engineer, being a logical man, refused to believe that this man's car was allergic to vanilla ice cream. He arranged, therefore, to continue his visits for as long as it took to solve the problem. And toward this end he began to take notes: He jotted down all sorts of data: time of day, type of gas uses, time to drive back and forth etc.
In a short time, he had a clue: the man took less time to buy vanilla than any other flavour. Why? The answer was in the layout of the store. Vanilla, being the most popular flavour, was in a separate case at the front of the store for quick pickup. All the other flavours were kept in the back of the store at a different counter where it took considerably longer to check out the flavour.
Now, the question for the Engineer was why the car wouldn't start when it took less time. Eureka - Time was now the problem - not the vanilla ice cream!
The engineer quickly came up with the answer: vapour lock.
It was happening every night; but the extra time taken to get the other flavours allowed the engine to cool down sufficiently to start. When the man got vanilla, the engine was still too hot for the vapour lock to dissipate.
You see, even crazy looking problems are sometimes real. And all problems seem to be simple only when we find the solution, with cool thinking.
Don't just say it is impossible without putting a sincere effort. What really matters is your attitude and your perception.
Remember, ability is what you're capable of doing. Motivation determines what you do. Attitude determines how well you do it.
A complaint was received by the Pontiac Division of General Motors: 'This is the second time I have written to you, and I don't blame you for not answering me, because I sounded crazy, but it is a fact that we have a tradition in our family: ice-Cream for dessert after dinner each night, but the kind of ice cream varies so, every night, after we've eaten, the whole family votes on which kind of ice cream we should have and I drive down to the store to get it. It's also a fact that I recently purchased a new Pontiac and since then my trips to the store have created a problem.
You see, every time I buy a vanilla ice-cream, when I start back from the store my car won't start. If I get any other kind of ice cream, the car starts just fine. I want you to know I'm serious about this question, no matter how silly it sounds "What is there about a Pontiac that makes it not start when I get vanilla ice cream, and easy to start whenever I get any other kind?"
The Pontiac President was understandably sceptical about the letter, but sent an engineer to check it out anyway. The latter was surprised to be greeted by a successful, obviously well educated man in a fine neighbourhood. He had arranged to meet the man just after dinner time, so the two hopped into the car and drove to the ice cream store. It was vanilla ice cream that night and, sure enough, after they came back to the car, it wouldn't start.
The engineer returned for three more nights. The first night, they got chocolate. The car started. The second night, he got strawberry. The car started. The third night he ordered vanilla. The car failed to start.
Now the engineer, being a logical man, refused to believe that this man's car was allergic to vanilla ice cream. He arranged, therefore, to continue his visits for as long as it took to solve the problem. And toward this end he began to take notes: He jotted down all sorts of data: time of day, type of gas uses, time to drive back and forth etc.
In a short time, he had a clue: the man took less time to buy vanilla than any other flavour. Why? The answer was in the layout of the store. Vanilla, being the most popular flavour, was in a separate case at the front of the store for quick pickup. All the other flavours were kept in the back of the store at a different counter where it took considerably longer to check out the flavour.
Now, the question for the Engineer was why the car wouldn't start when it took less time. Eureka - Time was now the problem - not the vanilla ice cream!
The engineer quickly came up with the answer: vapour lock.
It was happening every night; but the extra time taken to get the other flavours allowed the engine to cool down sufficiently to start. When the man got vanilla, the engine was still too hot for the vapour lock to dissipate.
You see, even crazy looking problems are sometimes real. And all problems seem to be simple only when we find the solution, with cool thinking.
Don't just say it is impossible without putting a sincere effort. What really matters is your attitude and your perception.
Remember, ability is what you're capable of doing. Motivation determines what you do. Attitude determines how well you do it.
"Should I Quit my Job?"
"Should I Quit my Job?" 4 Scenarios in Which Quitting is Advisable
In a bad economy, it can be difficult to quit a job when there are so many professionals out of jobs. But if you're faced with a bad workplace situation or you're presented with a better opportunity elsewhere, it's okay to take the plunge and give your two week notice.
Although quitting a job is always a difficult decision to make, not recognizing when it's time to quit could hurt your resume and, most importantly, make you unhappy with where you are in your career.
If you're looking for the push to finally quit that job, here are four scenarios that give you the right to walk away to a better opportunity.
1. Poor Work Environment
You should never have to deal with a bad work environment, whether you're faced with harassment or poor management. Many professionals will tell you that a great work environment can make a world of a difference, so it's no surprise that a poor work environment can have the same affect. Never put up with harassment in the workplace and don't let management take advantage of you with unreasonable work conditions.
2. Low Pay
In an economy like this, chances are no one is being paid what they are worth. But there's a difference between cutting back on salaries and taking advantage of workers who know they are lucky to have a job in the first place. Be sure to network with other workers in your field to find out the average salary in your area for your industry. If you fall way below the average, speak to your boss. But, it's time to walk away if your concerns continue to go unnoticed. Staying at a job with low pay will hurt your future chances of receiving the salary you deserve.
3. No Chance of Growth
If you have been making the effort to move up the corporate ladder with little response from management, it may be time to move on to another company. Once a worker shows interest in taking on more responsibility, management should take notice and start grooming them for a higher position. If you're willing to learn, but no one is willing to teach you, this could mean that either you'll get stuck in your position or management is trying to give you the hint that they don't think you'll stick around much longer.
4. Better Opportunity
Many times during your career you'll be presented with another job opportunity, and chances are it may be during a time when you're not even looking for a different position. Some professionals are hesitant to leave a job they're comfortable with to pursue a position at another company. Take the time to weigh all of the pros and cons of quitting your job for a better opportunity elsewhere. Those who take risks in their careers are often the most successful and the happiest.
-------------------------------------
By Christine Rochelle from http://thecareerguide.blogspot.com
--------------------------------------------------------------
In a bad economy, it can be difficult to quit a job when there are so many professionals out of jobs. But if you're faced with a bad workplace situation or you're presented with a better opportunity elsewhere, it's okay to take the plunge and give your two week notice.
Although quitting a job is always a difficult decision to make, not recognizing when it's time to quit could hurt your resume and, most importantly, make you unhappy with where you are in your career.
If you're looking for the push to finally quit that job, here are four scenarios that give you the right to walk away to a better opportunity.
1. Poor Work Environment
You should never have to deal with a bad work environment, whether you're faced with harassment or poor management. Many professionals will tell you that a great work environment can make a world of a difference, so it's no surprise that a poor work environment can have the same affect. Never put up with harassment in the workplace and don't let management take advantage of you with unreasonable work conditions.
2. Low Pay
In an economy like this, chances are no one is being paid what they are worth. But there's a difference between cutting back on salaries and taking advantage of workers who know they are lucky to have a job in the first place. Be sure to network with other workers in your field to find out the average salary in your area for your industry. If you fall way below the average, speak to your boss. But, it's time to walk away if your concerns continue to go unnoticed. Staying at a job with low pay will hurt your future chances of receiving the salary you deserve.
3. No Chance of Growth
If you have been making the effort to move up the corporate ladder with little response from management, it may be time to move on to another company. Once a worker shows interest in taking on more responsibility, management should take notice and start grooming them for a higher position. If you're willing to learn, but no one is willing to teach you, this could mean that either you'll get stuck in your position or management is trying to give you the hint that they don't think you'll stick around much longer.
4. Better Opportunity
Many times during your career you'll be presented with another job opportunity, and chances are it may be during a time when you're not even looking for a different position. Some professionals are hesitant to leave a job they're comfortable with to pursue a position at another company. Take the time to weigh all of the pros and cons of quitting your job for a better opportunity elsewhere. Those who take risks in their careers are often the most successful and the happiest.
-------------------------------------
By Christine Rochelle from http://thecareerguide.blogspot.com
--------------------------------------------------------------
Friday, August 13, 2010
Run time analysis-ST22 tcode
Mates,
while running background jobs and executing report in forground system might throw run time error.
we can use tcode ST22 to analyse the run time errors
execute ST22 tcode
choose by giving username for ex and the time period
you will get the details listed like current date,time,app server,username,client,name of runtime error,exception,appl.component etc
double click on the item listed
on the left hand side click source code extract and you will get the indicator on which line of code with >>>> to debug
it will take you to ABAp editor to debug by entering /h enter in command field
while running background jobs and executing report in forground system might throw run time error.
we can use tcode ST22 to analyse the run time errors
execute ST22 tcode
choose by giving username for ex and the time period
you will get the details listed like current date,time,app server,username,client,name of runtime error,exception,appl.component etc
double click on the item listed
on the left hand side click source code extract and you will get the indicator on which line of code with >>>> to debug
it will take you to ABAp editor to debug by entering /h enter in command field
How to copy data in SAP tables
Mates,
if you could like to copy data from SAP tables ,execute the tcode like se11 and use shortcu keys ctrl+y and ctrl+v
if you could like to copy data from SAP tables ,execute the tcode like se11 and use shortcu keys ctrl+y and ctrl+v
Thursday, August 12, 2010
Easy way to identify Transaction Code In SPRO / IMG
Mates,
spro->alt+e->additional information->display key->img activity
expand the nodes and copy the text under additional information corresponding to the img node
se16->paste the text it in CUS_IMGACH table
pick the tcode from the table
thanks to kavin-http://saphelpbykevin.knguyentu.com/2008/04/identifying-transaction-code-in-spro.html
spro->alt+e->additional information->display key->img activity
expand the nodes and copy the text under additional information corresponding to the img node
se16->paste the text it in CUS_IMGACH table
pick the tcode from the table
thanks to kavin-http://saphelpbykevin.knguyentu.com/2008/04/identifying-transaction-code-in-spro.html
OM Audit Logging
Most people know you can activate infotype audit logging with Personnel Administration (PA) infotypes, such as infotype 0000 or 0008. The audit log is useful in a sense to see what data element changed by showing the old values and new values. But little people know there is also audit logging ability with Organizational Management (OM) infotypes as well.
To setup the audit logging, you would have to configure / maintain the table T77CDOC_CUST or you can find it in the IMG at SPRO -> Personnel Management -> Organizational Management -> Basic Setting -> Activate Change Document. Once you configure what infotype and subtype you are interested in tracking, you could use the program RHCDOC_DISPLAY to access the audit log. Most company would level the program concept and create a custom "Z" program version of it with incorporating other elements important to them, such as the employee attached to a position or job object.
http://saphelpbykevin.knguyentu.com/2009/10/om-audit-logging.html
To setup the audit logging, you would have to configure / maintain the table T77CDOC_CUST or you can find it in the IMG at SPRO -> Personnel Management -> Organizational Management -> Basic Setting -> Activate Change Document. Once you configure what infotype and subtype you are interested in tracking, you could use the program RHCDOC_DISPLAY to access the audit log. Most company would level the program concept and create a custom "Z" program version of it with incorporating other elements important to them, such as the employee attached to a position or job object.
http://saphelpbykevin.knguyentu.com/2009/10/om-audit-logging.html
Advanced Navigation in the SAP GUI
User Menu and SAP Menu
Since release R/3 4.6, the SAP Access Menu starts automatically after login and is thereby the standard entry into the system. The left-hand navigation bar contains a clear tree structure, consisting of menu entries and favorites' entries. You can adjust the favorites' area in particular to your needs. The entries of the SAP menus and the user menus can only be changed by system administrators with certain authorizations.
The end user can switch from the role-based user menu to the SAP standard menu (if the system settings allow this).
The role-based user menu is created on the basis of the role(s) assigned to the user and transferred to the front end. This means that it makes sense to keep roles as small as possible because large roles could take a long time to transfer to the front end in certain circumstances. If a user has several roles assigned, then some functions can be repeated in different parts of the role-based user menu. If you want to prevent this, please see SAP Note 357693 (and the other SAP Notes to which it refers) for information on finding and deleting duplicates, and on other related matters.
The user and SAP menus can be structured in a pretty complex way. It is then difficult to remember the exact path for the transaction you are looking for. As long as the transaction has not been copied into the favorite area, you can find it more easily with special search transactions. The transactions SEARCH_SAP_MENU and SEARCH_USER_MENU search the corresponding menus for the predefined text pattern. The search result is prepared in a list view from which you can take the navigation path. The transactions found cannot be started directly with a double-click.
Favorites Management
In addition to the area menu or SAP menu, the user is also provided with functions in the favorites' area. Often used transactions, web links or files can be stored in the favorites' area.
The favorites list thus contains SAP system functions or links to Internet content or to files on the end user's front-end computer. The favorites list, which is initially empty, can be edited by each end user in accordance with his or her preferences; you can only view your own favorites list. Since data on the favorites is stored within the SAP system, each user might have different collections of favorites in different systems.
To improve the structuring, sort the favorites in own folders. You can edit favorites in the SAP Easy Access screen using the menu entry Favorites.
The Favorites menu gives you the option of adding a function from the user (or SAP) menu to your personal favorites list by selecting the function and choosing Favorites--->Add. Here, the menu path is also written with the text of the favorites entry to a limited extent. If you have highlighted a menu entry using the mouse, you can copy the selected node in the favorites' area by right-hand mouse click.
Alternatively, you can also drag the elements from the menu area using the mouse and store them in the favorites' area (Drag&Drop). You can add URLs or links to files to your list of favorites by choosing Favorites ---> Add other objects. Click on the triangle symbol to the left of the file symbol to expand or collapse the list of favorites.
You can delete favorites' entries that you no longer need. Here, only the Favorite is deleted, not the original transaction! If you want to delete the entire Favorites menu, highlight the entry Favorites and click with the right-hand mouse button. Choose Delete all favorites.
Calling Up Functions
You have several options for navigating in an SAP system:
• by entering transaction codes in the command field
• By choosing items from menus in the menu bar
• By choosing items from the favorites list or from the user or SAP menus
You can reach the menus in the menu bar simply using the key combination Alt+E (the underlined letter of the selected menu item) or Alt and cursor navigation using the arrow keys on the keyboard.
You can use the keyboard to get to the SAP Easy Access screen or the command field and call system functions from there.
When the command field is active, you can use the F1 key to display possible entries for this important field. The following entries are possible:
• /n to cancel the current transaction
• /nXXXX to call transaction XXXX directly from another transaction. Without the prefix you can only call XXXX from the SAP Easy Access screen.
• /o to display an overview of sessions
• /oXXXX to call transaction XXXX in a new session directly from another transaction
• /nend to end the logon session with a confirmation dialog box
• /nex to end the logon session without a confirmation dialog box
• /i to delete the session you are currently using
Note: The command field is an exception in that choosing the F4 key does not display the input help. The F4 key in the command field lists the last 15 different entries in the command field. This list is stored in the registry on the front end and is valid for all sessions on the front end (regardless of the system used).
Help Options
The SAP system provides you with various help options, which will be introduced in the following section.
F1 Help
You can use the F1 key to display an explanation of fields, menus, functions and messages. The F1 help also displays technical information on the relevant field. There you will find the parameter ID that you can use when setting user-specific default values for input fields that are also linked to the parameter ID. You can also display interesting information by, for example, calling the F1 help for the command field.
You can also use other buttons in the Performance Assistant dialog box to display information on the selected field. One of the most important pieces of information, besides the link to the context-sensitive Application Help, is the link to the Technical Information. Choose this to display detailed information, such as the parameter ID assigned to the field. You can use parameters to set defaults for frequently used input fields; to do this, the parameters are stored with the desired values in the user master record.
Note: You may need to activate the Performance Assistant first using the menu Help ---> Settings ---> F1 Help.
F4 Help
You can choose F4 to display possible input values. You can also call up the F4 help for a field using the button immediately to the right of the selected field. If a field contains a checkmark symbol, you can only proceed to the next step in that application after entering a permitted value (required entry). You can use transaction or screen variants, or Customizing to mark fields as mandatory or optional, hidden or filled with hidden standard values.
The F4 help displays a list of possible entries for a field. If there are a large number of possible entries, a separate selection screen is displayed. If there is a long hit list, the F4 help only displays as many entries as the user has specified on the F4 Help tab page under Help ---> Settings. The default value for the maximum number of displayed hits is 500. Take the time to familiarize yourself with the other settings you can make here.
SAP Library (Online Documentation)
The SAP Library is a useful aid to getting to know system functions. It allows you to access the online documentation. The information stored here does not simply describe how to use system functions, it also explains system architecture concepts, gives examples of how you can configure various processes, and warns you about possible user errors and their consequences. The online documentation also contains several tips and tricks to help you carry out common tasks more easily and quickly.
The System and Help Menus
The System and Help menus are always available with the same options on every screen in an SAP system.
The System menu allows you to access various system functions. This menu also contains functions that you can only access using this menu (and not in any other way). You can log off using System ---> Log off, and display useful information on your system and the function you are currently using, such as the transaction code, by choosing System ---> Status.
You can use the Help menu to access the online documentation. You can also display the Release Notes and configure the standard settings for your F4 Help. You will probably find that the most useful option for you here is the context-sensitive link to the section of the online documentation relevant to the function you are using. The context-sensitive help is also called Application Help. The tool for accessing the online documentation as a whole is the SAP Library.
Appendix: Selection Screens
When preparing data in your system, only certain data should be displayed selectively. Various selection options are available for this.
• Search for individual values
An exact search for the specified individual values is made.
• Search for value areas
A closed interval can also be specified; the interval limits here are included in the search.
• Search using selection options
Here, search operators are specified meaning that searches for intervals that are upwardly or downwardly open are possible. Selection options can usually be called up via the menu entry Edit ---> Selection options, alternatively via the F2 key. A special icon is often used to call up the selection options, as then the access to the menu bar is not possible.
• Excluding individual values
Works like the search for individual values, bit with the difference that the specified individual values can no longer exist in the data records.
• Exclusion from value ranges
The specified value ranges can not exist in the data records. As with the search for intervals, the interval limits are also affected by the exclusion selection.
• Exclusion via the corresponding selection options. The exclusion of open intervals is possible here.
• Multiple selection
All search and exclusion options can also be used as part of a multiple selection at the same time. Therefore, you cannot only look for several individual values or intervals at the same time, but can freely combine the various searches and exclusions. You should try to first find the data you want with a pure search selection, because the logical structure of a positive search can always be more easily reproduced than the one for exclusions. If the positive serach is not sufficient, the search criteria can be enhanced by exclusions. In principle, a positive search can always be mapped by a complementary exclusion selection.
Appendix: List Editing
After successfully calling up a selection, the data records found are displayed in a list display. Various navigation and editing options are available.
• Searching for definitions or values using the search function ; you are also provided with a search repeat
• Page by page scrolling in the list
• Navigation in the list using the scrollbar
• Sort according to individual columns
The data records of a column can be sorted in ascending or descending order. Here, you highlight the header line of the column and press the keys Sort in Ascending/Descending Order.
• Filtering
The filtering is a subsequent selection in the list display via the entries of selected columns. To do this, you highlight the column you want and press the key; then you define additional selection options.
• Editing the list layout
The SAP List Viewer (ALV grid display) is a tool, with which the layout of the table can be individually designed. In this way, for example, you can display additional columns and calculate totals and subtotals. You can even save a layout variant.
• Printout of the List
Start the printout using the pushbutton in the standard toolbar.
• Downloading the List
As a rule, the application programmer stores a download pushbutton in the application toolbar, as long as downloading the list is planned. The download can also be started at all times via the menu bar entry List ---> Export ---> Local file. Alternatively, you can also use the menu bar entry System ---> List ---> Save ---> Local file.
Appendix: The Where-Used List
The where-used list is a basic navigation technique, which every SAP user should know, even if it is not needed every day. As long as this function has been implemented in the application transaction, you can find out the use of a program element, for example, a data field in tables or structures.
Thanks to Clayton-http://sapwhiz.com/printdoc/905/
Since release R/3 4.6, the SAP Access Menu starts automatically after login and is thereby the standard entry into the system. The left-hand navigation bar contains a clear tree structure, consisting of menu entries and favorites' entries. You can adjust the favorites' area in particular to your needs. The entries of the SAP menus and the user menus can only be changed by system administrators with certain authorizations.
The end user can switch from the role-based user menu to the SAP standard menu (if the system settings allow this).
The role-based user menu is created on the basis of the role(s) assigned to the user and transferred to the front end. This means that it makes sense to keep roles as small as possible because large roles could take a long time to transfer to the front end in certain circumstances. If a user has several roles assigned, then some functions can be repeated in different parts of the role-based user menu. If you want to prevent this, please see SAP Note 357693 (and the other SAP Notes to which it refers) for information on finding and deleting duplicates, and on other related matters.
The user and SAP menus can be structured in a pretty complex way. It is then difficult to remember the exact path for the transaction you are looking for. As long as the transaction has not been copied into the favorite area, you can find it more easily with special search transactions. The transactions SEARCH_SAP_MENU and SEARCH_USER_MENU search the corresponding menus for the predefined text pattern. The search result is prepared in a list view from which you can take the navigation path. The transactions found cannot be started directly with a double-click.
Favorites Management
In addition to the area menu or SAP menu, the user is also provided with functions in the favorites' area. Often used transactions, web links or files can be stored in the favorites' area.
The favorites list thus contains SAP system functions or links to Internet content or to files on the end user's front-end computer. The favorites list, which is initially empty, can be edited by each end user in accordance with his or her preferences; you can only view your own favorites list. Since data on the favorites is stored within the SAP system, each user might have different collections of favorites in different systems.
To improve the structuring, sort the favorites in own folders. You can edit favorites in the SAP Easy Access screen using the menu entry Favorites.
The Favorites menu gives you the option of adding a function from the user (or SAP) menu to your personal favorites list by selecting the function and choosing Favorites--->Add. Here, the menu path is also written with the text of the favorites entry to a limited extent. If you have highlighted a menu entry using the mouse, you can copy the selected node in the favorites' area by right-hand mouse click.
Alternatively, you can also drag the elements from the menu area using the mouse and store them in the favorites' area (Drag&Drop). You can add URLs or links to files to your list of favorites by choosing Favorites ---> Add other objects. Click on the triangle symbol to the left of the file symbol to expand or collapse the list of favorites.
You can delete favorites' entries that you no longer need. Here, only the Favorite is deleted, not the original transaction! If you want to delete the entire Favorites menu, highlight the entry Favorites and click with the right-hand mouse button. Choose Delete all favorites.
Calling Up Functions
You have several options for navigating in an SAP system:
• by entering transaction codes in the command field
• By choosing items from menus in the menu bar
• By choosing items from the favorites list or from the user or SAP menus
You can reach the menus in the menu bar simply using the key combination Alt+E (the underlined letter of the selected menu item) or Alt and cursor navigation using the arrow keys on the keyboard.
You can use the keyboard to get to the SAP Easy Access screen or the command field and call system functions from there.
When the command field is active, you can use the F1 key to display possible entries for this important field. The following entries are possible:
• /n to cancel the current transaction
• /nXXXX to call transaction XXXX directly from another transaction. Without the prefix you can only call XXXX from the SAP Easy Access screen.
• /o to display an overview of sessions
• /oXXXX to call transaction XXXX in a new session directly from another transaction
• /nend to end the logon session with a confirmation dialog box
• /nex to end the logon session without a confirmation dialog box
• /i to delete the session you are currently using
Note: The command field is an exception in that choosing the F4 key does not display the input help. The F4 key in the command field lists the last 15 different entries in the command field. This list is stored in the registry on the front end and is valid for all sessions on the front end (regardless of the system used).
Help Options
The SAP system provides you with various help options, which will be introduced in the following section.
F1 Help
You can use the F1 key to display an explanation of fields, menus, functions and messages. The F1 help also displays technical information on the relevant field. There you will find the parameter ID that you can use when setting user-specific default values for input fields that are also linked to the parameter ID. You can also display interesting information by, for example, calling the F1 help for the command field.
You can also use other buttons in the Performance Assistant dialog box to display information on the selected field. One of the most important pieces of information, besides the link to the context-sensitive Application Help, is the link to the Technical Information. Choose this to display detailed information, such as the parameter ID assigned to the field. You can use parameters to set defaults for frequently used input fields; to do this, the parameters are stored with the desired values in the user master record.
Note: You may need to activate the Performance Assistant first using the menu Help ---> Settings ---> F1 Help.
F4 Help
You can choose F4 to display possible input values. You can also call up the F4 help for a field using the button immediately to the right of the selected field. If a field contains a checkmark symbol, you can only proceed to the next step in that application after entering a permitted value (required entry). You can use transaction or screen variants, or Customizing to mark fields as mandatory or optional, hidden or filled with hidden standard values.
The F4 help displays a list of possible entries for a field. If there are a large number of possible entries, a separate selection screen is displayed. If there is a long hit list, the F4 help only displays as many entries as the user has specified on the F4 Help tab page under Help ---> Settings. The default value for the maximum number of displayed hits is 500. Take the time to familiarize yourself with the other settings you can make here.
SAP Library (Online Documentation)
The SAP Library is a useful aid to getting to know system functions. It allows you to access the online documentation. The information stored here does not simply describe how to use system functions, it also explains system architecture concepts, gives examples of how you can configure various processes, and warns you about possible user errors and their consequences. The online documentation also contains several tips and tricks to help you carry out common tasks more easily and quickly.
The System and Help Menus
The System and Help menus are always available with the same options on every screen in an SAP system.
The System menu allows you to access various system functions. This menu also contains functions that you can only access using this menu (and not in any other way). You can log off using System ---> Log off, and display useful information on your system and the function you are currently using, such as the transaction code, by choosing System ---> Status.
You can use the Help menu to access the online documentation. You can also display the Release Notes and configure the standard settings for your F4 Help. You will probably find that the most useful option for you here is the context-sensitive link to the section of the online documentation relevant to the function you are using. The context-sensitive help is also called Application Help. The tool for accessing the online documentation as a whole is the SAP Library.
Appendix: Selection Screens
When preparing data in your system, only certain data should be displayed selectively. Various selection options are available for this.
• Search for individual values
An exact search for the specified individual values is made.
• Search for value areas
A closed interval can also be specified; the interval limits here are included in the search.
• Search using selection options
Here, search operators are specified meaning that searches for intervals that are upwardly or downwardly open are possible. Selection options can usually be called up via the menu entry Edit ---> Selection options, alternatively via the F2 key. A special icon is often used to call up the selection options, as then the access to the menu bar is not possible.
• Excluding individual values
Works like the search for individual values, bit with the difference that the specified individual values can no longer exist in the data records.
• Exclusion from value ranges
The specified value ranges can not exist in the data records. As with the search for intervals, the interval limits are also affected by the exclusion selection.
• Exclusion via the corresponding selection options. The exclusion of open intervals is possible here.
• Multiple selection
All search and exclusion options can also be used as part of a multiple selection at the same time. Therefore, you cannot only look for several individual values or intervals at the same time, but can freely combine the various searches and exclusions. You should try to first find the data you want with a pure search selection, because the logical structure of a positive search can always be more easily reproduced than the one for exclusions. If the positive serach is not sufficient, the search criteria can be enhanced by exclusions. In principle, a positive search can always be mapped by a complementary exclusion selection.
Appendix: List Editing
After successfully calling up a selection, the data records found are displayed in a list display. Various navigation and editing options are available.
• Searching for definitions or values using the search function ; you are also provided with a search repeat
• Page by page scrolling in the list
• Navigation in the list using the scrollbar
• Sort according to individual columns
The data records of a column can be sorted in ascending or descending order. Here, you highlight the header line of the column and press the keys Sort in Ascending/Descending Order.
• Filtering
The filtering is a subsequent selection in the list display via the entries of selected columns. To do this, you highlight the column you want and press the key; then you define additional selection options.
• Editing the list layout
The SAP List Viewer (ALV grid display) is a tool, with which the layout of the table can be individually designed. In this way, for example, you can display additional columns and calculate totals and subtotals. You can even save a layout variant.
• Printout of the List
Start the printout using the pushbutton in the standard toolbar.
• Downloading the List
As a rule, the application programmer stores a download pushbutton in the application toolbar, as long as downloading the list is planned. The download can also be started at all times via the menu bar entry List ---> Export ---> Local file. Alternatively, you can also use the menu bar entry System ---> List ---> Save ---> Local file.
Appendix: The Where-Used List
The where-used list is a basic navigation technique, which every SAP user should know, even if it is not needed every day. As long as this function has been implemented in the application transaction, you can find out the use of a program element, for example, a data field in tables or structures.
Thanks to Clayton-http://sapwhiz.com/printdoc/905/
Wednesday, August 11, 2010
Introduction to Infotype
Mates,
please note Infotype concept is only related to SAP HCM.
Infotype or information types are logical grouping of related data fields of an object or personnel.
Infotype have two structure and one table
for instance infotype 0002(personal data) will have P0002 and PS002 and PA0002.
Infotypes can be identified by their four-digit keys, for example, the Addresses infotype (0006).
There is physical table for every infotype in the backend .
0002 infotype will have pa0002 and data is stored in the table.we can access all the data stored in the Infotype from their respective tables.
Infotypes are userfriendly and serves as a central repository for all related data.
TYPES OF INFOTYPE
Personnel Administration - IT 0000 to IT 0999
Organizational Management - IT 1000 to IT 1999
Time Management - IT 2000 to IT 2999
Recruitments - IT 4000 to IT 4999
Customized Infotypes - IT 9000 to IT 9999.
we can also develop our custom infotype using PM01 tcode
1) Go to Transaction PM01.
2) Enter the custom Infotype number which you want to create (Should be a 4 digit number, start with 9).
3) Select the ‘Employee Infotype’ radio button.
4) Select the ‘PS Structure Infotype’.
5) Click on Create… A separate table maintenance window appears…
6) Create a PS structure with all the fields you want on the Infotype
7) Save and Activate the PS structure
8) Go back to the initial screen of PM01.
9) Click on ‘All’ push button. It takes a few moments.
10) Click on ‘Technical Characteristics’. Infotype list screen appears
11) Click on ‘Change’(pencil) button
12) Select your Infotype and click on ‘Detail’ (magnifying glass) button
13) Give ‘T591A’ as subtype table
14) Give ‘T591S’ as subtype txt tab
15) Give your subtype field as subtype field
16) Save and come back to PM01 initial screen
17) Click on ‘Infotype Characteristics’ … Infotype list screen appears
18) Click on ‘Change’ (pencil) button
19) Click on ‘New Entries’
20) Enter your Infotype number and short text
21) Here we have to set different Infotype Characteristics as per the requirement. (Better open another session with some standard Infotype’s infotype characteristics screen and use as the reference to fill yours)
22) Save your entries.
23) Now the Infotype is created and ready to use.
24) If you want to change the layout of the Infotype as per your requirement…
25) In the PM01 initial screen…Select ‘Screen’ radio button and give 2000 as the screen name, then click on edit.
26) In the next screen.. Select ‘Layout Editor’ and click ‘Change’.
27) Screen default layout appears…here you can design/modify the screen..change the attributes of the fields..etc.
28) Save and activate. (Don’t forget to ‘Activate at every level)
Thanks to wiki and sap-img for contributions.There are many ref docs for the above in online world.
please note Infotype concept is only related to SAP HCM.
Infotype or information types are logical grouping of related data fields of an object or personnel.
Infotype have two structure and one table
for instance infotype 0002(personal data) will have P0002 and PS002 and PA0002.
Infotypes can be identified by their four-digit keys, for example, the Addresses infotype (0006).
There is physical table for every infotype in the backend .
0002 infotype will have pa0002 and data is stored in the table.we can access all the data stored in the Infotype from their respective tables.
Infotypes are userfriendly and serves as a central repository for all related data.
TYPES OF INFOTYPE
Personnel Administration - IT 0000 to IT 0999
Organizational Management - IT 1000 to IT 1999
Time Management - IT 2000 to IT 2999
Recruitments - IT 4000 to IT 4999
Customized Infotypes - IT 9000 to IT 9999.
we can also develop our custom infotype using PM01 tcode
1) Go to Transaction PM01.
2) Enter the custom Infotype number which you want to create (Should be a 4 digit number, start with 9).
3) Select the ‘Employee Infotype’ radio button.
4) Select the ‘PS Structure Infotype’.
5) Click on Create… A separate table maintenance window appears…
6) Create a PS structure with all the fields you want on the Infotype
7) Save and Activate the PS structure
8) Go back to the initial screen of PM01.
9) Click on ‘All’ push button. It takes a few moments.
10) Click on ‘Technical Characteristics’. Infotype list screen appears
11) Click on ‘Change’(pencil) button
12) Select your Infotype and click on ‘Detail’ (magnifying glass) button
13) Give ‘T591A’ as subtype table
14) Give ‘T591S’ as subtype txt tab
15) Give your subtype field as subtype field
16) Save and come back to PM01 initial screen
17) Click on ‘Infotype Characteristics’ … Infotype list screen appears
18) Click on ‘Change’ (pencil) button
19) Click on ‘New Entries’
20) Enter your Infotype number and short text
21) Here we have to set different Infotype Characteristics as per the requirement. (Better open another session with some standard Infotype’s infotype characteristics screen and use as the reference to fill yours)
22) Save your entries.
23) Now the Infotype is created and ready to use.
24) If you want to change the layout of the Infotype as per your requirement…
25) In the PM01 initial screen…Select ‘Screen’ radio button and give 2000 as the screen name, then click on edit.
26) In the next screen.. Select ‘Layout Editor’ and click ‘Change’.
27) Screen default layout appears…here you can design/modify the screen..change the attributes of the fields..etc.
28) Save and activate. (Don’t forget to ‘Activate at every level)
Thanks to wiki and sap-img for contributions.There are many ref docs for the above in online world.
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